| Biomaterial |
Summary |
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Poly(caprolactone) (PCL)
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This commonly used biodegradable polymer can be used to form a rigid 3D scaffold structure with pores and struts. It can also be used for cytokine, antigen, or drug delivery.
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Collagen type I
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This biological, partially soluble, hydrogel can be used for cell encapsulation within 3D constructs, or as part of the scaffold structure.
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Hyaluronic acid (HA)
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This biological hydrogel is thicker than collagen, and can be used to encapsulate cells or for layering different cell types within the scaffold structure.
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Poly(propylene fumarate-co-ethylene glycol) (PPF–PEG)
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PPF has the ability to crosslink in situ to make strong, porous scaffolds. Adding PEG hydrogel creates a more flexible construct for cell encapsulation.
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Pluronic F-127 (PF-127)
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Made from poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), this is an excellent shape-holding hydrogel due to inverse-temperature gelation; it is also a good drug carrier.
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Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)
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PEO and PEG hydrogels are easily soluble and can hold shape very well.
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Fibrinogen and thrombin
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Put together, these materials form fibrin, an insoluble, stable, biodegradable hydrogel found in blood clots.
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Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) and poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB)
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A strong, naturally produced, biodegradable plastic with a range of melting points, from low (60°C for P4HB) to high (> 175°C for P3HB), used in cardiovascular applications.
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(PLGA-co-PEG)-triblock-dimethacrylate (PPTD)
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PLGA is a popular biomaterial with good constructive properties, and combining it with PEG dimethacrylate makes it a good hydrogel biomaterial.
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Extracellular matrices (ECMs): Small intestine submucosa (SIS) and urinary bladder mucosa (UBM)
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Natural and biodegradable materials that can be used for scaffolds, but may require additional processing such as homogenization.
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Calfskin gelatin
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A good biodegradable material for scaffold fabrication, when deposited warm.
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